Understanding Soil Types

Soil consisting mostly of coarse and fine sand containing so little clay that it is loose when dry and not sticky at all when wet. When rubbed it leaves no film on the fingers.

Consisting mostly of sand, but with sufficient clay to give slight plasticity and cohesion when very moist. Leaves a slight film of fine materials on the fingers when rubbed.

Soil in which the sand fraction is still quite obvious, which molds readily when sufficiently moist, but in most cases does not stick appreciably to the fingers. Threads do not form easily.

Soil in which the fractions are so blended that it molds readily when sufficiently moist, and sticks to the fingers to some extent. It can with difficulty be molded into threads but will not bend into a small ring.

Soil that is moderately plastic without being very sticky and in which the smooth, soapy feel of the solt is the main feature.

Soil containing sufficient clay to be distinctly sticky when sufficiently moist, but in which the sand fraction is still an obvious feature.

The soil is distinctly sticky when sufficiently moist. The presence of sand fractions can only be detected with care.

This contains quite subordinate amounts of sand, but sufficient silt to confer something of a smooth, soapy feel. It is less sticy than silty clay or clay loam.

Soil in which the smooth, soapy feel of silt is dominant.

The soil is plastic and sticky when moistended sufficiently, but the sand fraction is still an obvious feature. Clay and sand are dominant and the intermediate grades of silt and very fine sand are less apparent.

The soil is plastic and sticky when moistended sufficiently and gives a polished surface on rubbing. When moist, the soil can be rolled into threads. It is capable of being molded into any shape and takes clear fingerprints.

Soil which is composed almost entirely of very fine material, but in which the smooth, soapy feel of the silt fraction modifies to some extent the stickiness of the clay.